TL;DR version: No, you have not been penalised at all, you just haven't earned any reputation on this site to allow you to comment.
Bens answer does a good job of explaining why your answer was likely deleted. I was not the mod involved but seeing your original revision I agree with the action taken, you simply failed to explain how to achieve anything and as such your answer looks a lot more like a comment. Even it its edited state it fails to explain how to do what you are saying and instead just looks like a massively verbose comment.
There are no bans, limits or restrictions on your account.
The deleted answer had no upvotes (or downvotes) so you neither gained nor lost any privileges as a result of the answer being deleted. You didn't have the ability to comment before it was deleted and you still didn't have that ability after. You need to earn rep on each site before you can comment on questions and answers on that site.
We have the ability to contact users via on-site methods, but this is reserved for serious issues like spamming, plagiarism, being abusive and other more disruptive problems.
If you got no response from raising a flag then asking a question here on meta would be the next thing to do, or you could have asked a question in our Ask a Moderator chat room if you wanted a more casual discussion.
In all honesty your is of questionable quality as you still don't actually post anything that solves the problem. You get halfway to a solution with "a trick" which, while you describe it, you do not actually state how to do it and is hidden amongst a lot of rehashing of the question, making it difficult to pick out.
In essence the only useful line in your answer is
Do an assignment of a text string to an inactive variable. I use "echo" for my variable name because 1) it's a functional echo, and 2) the text can be retrieved at a later time for trace-backs, etc.
But you don't actually show or teach anyone how to do this and it makes it difficult to tell whether this is just more verbose verbiage or a real solution.